As per Census 2011, India’s population is 121.06 Cr with 48.5% female population. The average annual exponential growth rate of population has declined from 1.95 in 2001 to 1.63 in 2011. During this period similar pattern is observed for females (1.99 to 1.68) and for males (1.92 to 1.58). In India, Sex ratio is defined as the number of females per 1000 males in the population, whereas in almost all the UN publications/International publications, it is expressed as males to per 100 females. From 2001 to 2011, sex ratio in rural India has increased from 946 to 949 and increased from 900 to 929 in urban India. At all India level sex ratio has decreased from 933 in 2001 to 943 in 2011.
| # | State/Union Territory | Sex Ratio(2011) | Sex Ratio(2001) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kerala | 1084 | 1058 |
| 2 | Puducherry | 1037 | 1001 |
| 3 | Chhattisgarh | 991 | 989 |
| 4 | Tamil Nadu | 996 | 987 |
| 5 | Andhra Pradesh | 993 | 978 |
| 6 | Manipur | 985 | 974 |
| 7 | Meghalaya | 989 | 972 |
| 8 | Orissa | 979 | 972 |
| 9 | Himachal Pradesh | 972 | 968 |
| 10 | Karnataka | 973 | 965 |
| 11 | Uttarakhand | 963 | 962 |
| 12 | Goa | 973 | 961 |
| 13 | Tripura | 960 | 948 |
| 14 | Lakshadweep | 946 | 948 |
| 15 | Jharkhand | 948 | 941 |
| 16 | Mizoram | 976 | 935 |
| 17 | Assam | 958 | 935 |
| 18 | West Bengal | 950 | 934 |
| 19 | Maharashtra | 929 | 922 |
| 20 | Rajasthan | 928 | 921 |
| 21 | Gujarat | 919 | 920 |
| 22 | Madhya Pradesh | 931 | 919 |
| 23 | Bihar | 918 | 919 |
| 24 | Nagaland | 931 | 900 |
| 25 | Uttar Pradesh | 912 | 898 |
| 26 | Arunachal Pradesh | 938 | 893 |
| 27 | Jammu and Kashmir | 889 | 892 |
| 28 | Punjab | 895 | 876 |
| 29 | Sikkim | 890 | 875 |
| 30 | Haryana | 879 | 861 |
| 31 | Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 876 | 846 |
| 32 | Delhi | 868 | 821 |
| 33 | Dadra and Nagar Haveli | 774 | 812 |
| 34 | Chandigarh | 818 | 777 |
| 35 | Daman and Diu | 618 | 710 |
In 2011, in age groups 0-6, 0-19, 15-45 and 60+, sex ratio has been observed as 918, 908, 944 and 1033 respectively. In 2011, religion wise sex ratio for Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists and Jains was 939, 951, 1023, 903, 965 and 954 respectively Sex ratio at birth and age &sex differentials in natural death rates leading to higher life expectancy for females are the two major factors which decides Age and Sex wise distribution of Population.
Women's Mean Age at Marriage gives an idea of length of reproductive period. Almost 30 % of population, both males & females, is in the age group of 15-29 which makes India a young country Women’s mean age at marriage at all India level is in 2016 is at 22.2 years and the same in rural and urban areas are 21.7 years and 23.1 years respectively. The women’s mean age at marriage has shown an increasing trend in all the major States and at all India level it has increased from 21.1 to 22.2 years during 2012 to 2016. The same is highest in Jammu & Kashmir (24.8 years) and lowest in West Bengal (21 years). In 2011-12, 11.5% households in rural areas and 12.4% households in urban areas are female headed . The average households size is 3.3 and 3.2 for rural and urban area respectively.